Mongolia is a large landlocked country between two larger countries—Russia and China. Located on mountains and plateaus, it is one of the world’s highest countries, with an average elevation of 1,580 meters (5,180 feet).
Mongolia suffers temperature extremes, and southern Mongolia is dominated by the Gobi desert. Genghis Khan’s Mongol horsemen conquered much of Asia and Europe during the 13th century. Mongolia became a communist country in 1924, but in 1990 multiparty elections were held. Poverty is a major concern, but copper, cashmere, and gold exports help the economy.
The geography of Mongolia is varied with the Gobi Desert to the south and with cold and mountainous regions to the north and west. Much of Mongolia consists of steppes. The main festival is Naadam, which has been organized for centuries, consists of three Mongolian traditional sports, archery, horse-racing and wrestling.
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